Windows includes a Memory Diagnostic tool that restarts your computer (so nothing is loaded into memory) and tests your memory for defects—much like the popular MemTest86 application. If you want to check your computer’s memory for errors, you don’t need a third-party tool—just run the Windows Memory Diagnostic tool by searching for it on your Start menu.
Resource Monitor
The Resource Monitor app offers a detailed look at your computer’s resource usage. You can view computer-wide CPU, disk, network, and memory graphics, or drill down and view per-process statistics for each type of resource.
You can see which processes are using your disk or network heavily, which are communicating with Internet addresses, and more. The Resource Monitor provides much more detailed resource statistics than the Task Manager does.
You can launch the Resource Monitor by opening the Task Manager, clicking the “Performance” tab, and selecting “Resource Monitor” or by just searching for “resource monitor” on your Start menu.
Performance Monitor
The Performance Monitor app can collect performance data from hundreds of different sources. You can use it to log performance data over time—letting you determine how system changes affect performance—or to monitor the performance of a remote computer in real-time.
Computer Management and Administrative Tools
The Performance Monitor is actually one of many Microsoft Management Console (MMC) tools. Many of these can be found in the “Administrative Tools” folder in the Control Panel, but you can also access them through a single window by opening the Computer Management application. Just hit Start and type “computer management” in the search box.
Among other things, this window contains the following tools:
- Task Scheduler: A tool that allows you to view and customize the scheduled tasks on your computer, in addition to creating your own custom scheduled tasks.
- Event Viewer: A log viewer that allows you to view and filter system events—everything from software installation to application crashes and blue screens of death.
- Shared Folders: An interface that displays the folders shared over the network on your computer, useful for viewing what folders are being shared at a glance.
- Device Manager: The classic Windows Device Manager that allows you to view the devices connected to your computer, disable them, and configure their drivers.
- Disk Management: A built-in partition manager you can use without downloading any third-party tools.
- Services: An interface that allows you to view and control the background services running in Windows.
Dig in and you’ll find a lot of useful options within these tools.
Advanced User Accounts Tool
Windows contains a hidden User Accounts utility that provides some options not present in the standard interface. To open it, hit Start (or press Windows+R to open the Run dialog), type either “netplwiz“ or “control userpasswords2,” and then press Enter.
The “User Accounts” window also contains a shortcut to launch the “Local Users and Groups“ tool, which offers more user management tasks, but isn’t available on the Home editions of Windows.
Disk Cleanup
Windows’ Disk Cleanup utility isn’t quite as hidden as some of the other utilities here, but not enough people know about it—or how to use it to its fullest potential. It scans your computer for files that can be safely deleted—temporary files, memory dumps, old system restore points, leftover files from Windows upgrades, and so on.
Disk Cleanup does the same job a PC cleaning utility does, but it’s free and doesn’t try to extract any money from you. Advanced users may prefer CCleaner, but Disk Cleanup does a decent job.
Access it by searching for “Disk Cleanup” on your Start menu.
Local Group Policy Editor
The Local Group Policy Editor is only available on Professional or Ultimate editions of Windows—not the standard or Home editions. It provides a wide variety of settings that are designed for use by system administrators to customize and lock down PCs on their networks, but the Local Group Policy Editor also contains settings that average users might be interested in. For example, in Windows 10, you can use it to hide personal information on the sign in screen.
To open the Local Group Policy Editor, type “gpedit.msc” at the Start menu or Run dialog box, and then press Enter.
Registry Editor
Sure, everyone knows about Registry Editor—but it’s still hidden, with Microsoft not even providing a Start menu shortcut to it. To launch it, you must type “regedit” into the Start menu search or Run dialog box.
Many tweaks that you can make using the Local Group Policy Editor have equivalent tweaks that can be made in Registry Editor if you don’t have a Professional or Enterprise edition of Windows. For example, users with the Home edition of Windows can’t prevent specific users from shutting down Windows using group policy—but they can with a few Registry tweaks. In addition, there are all kinds of Registry tweaks that have no equivalent in group policy at all—like customizing the manufacturer support information on your PC.
Fair warning, though: Registry Editor is a complex and powerful tool. It’s easy to damage your installation of Windows, or even render Windows inoperable if you’re not careful. If you’ve never worked with the Registry before, consider reading about how to use the Registry Editor before you get started. And definitely back up the Registry (and your computer!) before making changes. And stick to well-documented Registry tweaks from a source you trust.
System Configuration
System Configuration is another classic tool that many people don’t know about. Prior to Windows 8 and 10, which feature a startup-program manager built into Task Manager, System Configuration was the only included way of controlling startup programs on Windows. It also allows you to customize your boot loader, which is particularly useful if you have multiple versions of Windows installed.
Launch it by typing “msconfig” into the Start menu search box or Run dialog.
System Information
The System Information utility displays all kinds of information about your PC. You can find out things like the exact version of Windows you’re running, what kind of motherboard your system contains, how much RAM (and what kind) you have, what graphics adapter you’re sporting, and a whole lot more.
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